Globalization Grievance Index

A country-year panel (1996–2022) measuring how severe the grievances against the Liberal International Order are in each country. It aggregates ten major order-related issues, including persistent current-account imbalances, recurrent financial crises, deindustrialization, and low investment and growth. Each issue is standardized and weighted by how “helpless” it is, meaning severe, persistent, attributable to the order, and hard to fix from within. The result is a single score rescaled to 0–1. A version that removes the effect of income per capita is also provided. Used in “Globalization Backlash and Order Contestation”.

National security and dual-use classification: HS-6 level products

A product-level coding of trade goods at the six-digit Harmonized System (HS-6) level as “security,” “dual-use,” or “neither.” The US government does not publish an official security classification at this level. The coding follows a codebook built from trade-security statutes and strategy documents (Section 232, the National Security Strategy, the Critical Infrastructures Protection Act). An LLM applying the same codebook agrees with the human coding on 91% of products. Used in “After Liberalization” to test whether security concerns explain which products the 2018 tariffs targeted.